{"id":3999,"date":"2019-05-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-05-16T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/well-tax.com\/distributing-dividends-how-to-do-it-in-the-right-way\/"},"modified":"2023-09-25T18:56:48","modified_gmt":"2023-09-25T17:56:48","slug":"repartir-dividendos-como-hacerlo-correctamente","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/well-tax.com\/es\/distributing-dividends-how-to-do-it-in-the-right-way\/","title":{"rendered":"Dividendos: la mejor forma de repartirlos"},"content":{"rendered":"

El objetivo de este art\u00edculo es describir el proceso y los requisitos b\u00e1sicos para el pago de un dividendo legal y leg\u00edtimo. Para empezar, es importante saber que existe un estricto marco normativo que regula el pago de dividendos. Esta normativa se aplica sea cual fuera el tama\u00f1o de la empresa. Si no se cumple, el pago de un dividendo se considerar\u00e1 ileg\u00edtimo.<\/p>\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 es un dividendo?<\/span><\/p>\n

Un dividendo es el m\u00e9todo de pago que utiliza una empresa para distribuir dinero entre quienes han invertido capital en ella, es decir, sus accionistas.<\/p>\n

Los dividendos son \u00fatiles (y potencialmente eficientes desde el punto de vista fiscal) para proporcionar ingresos adicionales a los que normalmente reciben los propietarios de una empresa. Tambi\u00e9n se utilizan para recompensar a los inversores o para mover dinero entre grupos de empresas.<\/p>\n

Los tipos de dividendos m\u00e1s comunes son:<\/p>\n

- Dividendos complementarios: se emiten una vez al a\u00f1o tras la elaboraci\u00f3n de los estados financieros anuales. Suelen ser fijados anualmente por los administradores y \"declarados\" (aprobados) por los accionistas.<\/p>\n

- Dividendos interanuales (a cuenta): normalmente los declaran los administradores de la empresa y se pagan en cualquier momento del ejercicio econ\u00f3mico de la empresa.<\/p>\n

Declarar un dividendo leg\u00edtimo:<\/span><\/p>\n

Para declarar un dividendo leg\u00edtimo hay una serie de requisitos legales que deben cumplirse antes de emitirlo:<\/p>\n

1. La empresa debe tener suficientes ganancias distribuibles.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Estas son las ganancias acumuladas de la empresa, de las que se restar\u00e1n sus p\u00e9rdidas. Si las ganancias disponibles no son suficientes para cubrir la cantidad predeterminada de dividendos, no se puede realizar el pago.<\/p>\n

2. Los dividendos deben justificarse con referencia a los estados financieros.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Los administradores deben disponer necesariamente de los balances de la empresa para demostrar que existe liquidez suficiente para poder distribuir las ganancias de la empresa:<\/p>\n

- Para justificar el reparto de dividendos, los administradores pueden basarse en los \u00faltimos estados financieros presentados por la sociedad (si estos estados financieros muestran ganancias distribuibles insuficientes, el dividendo tendr\u00e1 que justificarse por referencia a los estados financieros m\u00e1s recientes, a\u00fan no publicados).<\/p>\n

Alternativamente, si el dividendo se declara en el primer ejercicio fiscal de la empresa, debe prepararse sobre la base del primer balance fiscal.<\/p>\n

Los administradores deben considerar la situaci\u00f3n financiera actual de la empresa y sus perspectivas financieras. Los estados financieros son s\u00f3lo una parte de la imagen global de una empresa, ya que se preparar\u00e1n antes de que los administradores est\u00e9n en condiciones de tomar una decisi\u00f3n sobre el pago o no un dividendo.<\/p>\n

3- Los directores deben considerar cuidadosamente<\/span><\/p>\n

La situaci\u00f3n financiera de la empresa en el momento de tomar su decisi\u00f3n (si algo ha cambiado desde que se prepararon los estados financieros);<\/p>\n

Una previsi\u00f3n de la situaci\u00f3n financiera futura de la empresa, en caso de que paguen dividendos. Por lo tanto, deber\u00e1n asegurarse de que la empresa tendr\u00e1 capacidad para hacer frente a sus obligaciones, aunque haya ganancias suficientes para pagar dividendos. Por \u00faltimo, la empresa tambi\u00e9n tendr\u00e1 que poseer liquidez suficiente para poder pagar dividendos. Su liquidez est\u00e1 estrechamente relacionada con las cuestiones expuestas en este apartado.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

4- Revisar los estatutos de la empresa<\/span><\/p>\n

Normalmente, los estatutos de una sociedad contienen disposiciones relativas al procedimiento de pago de dividendos. Por ejemplo, los dividendos s\u00f3lo pueden pagarse sobre acciones enteras. O bien, el pago de dividendos puede limitarse a una determinada clase de acciones. Por lo general, los accionistas tienen derecho a recibir dividendos en proporci\u00f3n al n\u00famero de acciones que poseen; sin embargo, hay que examinar detenidamente los estatutos. Pueden contener indicaciones sobre c\u00f3mo se autorizan los dividendos.<\/p>\n

5. Cumplir los deberes de directores<\/span><\/p>\n

Cuando los administradores se encuentran en el proceso de decidir si declaran o no un dividendo, deben tener bien presentes sus deberes. Estos incluyen:<\/p>\n

Cuando los administradores se encuentran en el proceso de decidir si declaran o no un dividendo, deben tener bien presentes sus deberes. Estos incluyen:<\/p>\n

Ejercer sus poderes razonablemente y con cuidado;<\/p>\n

Declarar un inter\u00e9s en el pago propuesto (esto ser\u00e1 relevante, por ejemplo, si el director tambi\u00e9n tiene acciones en la empresa).<\/p>\n

Estas obligaciones implican la protecci\u00f3n de los activos de la empresa (v\u00e9ase el punto 3).<\/p>\n

6. Documentar la decisi\u00f3n<\/span><\/p>\n

Los administradores deben asegurarse de que se preparan documentos que justifiquen las decisiones tomadas durante el proceso de declaraci\u00f3n de dividendos. Los documentos deben incluir referencias a la informaci\u00f3n financiera en la que se basan los directores y las obligaciones consideradas en el cumplimiento de los deberes de los directores.<\/p>\n

7. Consecuencias de la declaraci\u00f3n ilegal de dividendos<\/span><\/p>\n

Si el proceso no se lleva a cabo correctamente, el dividendo no se considerar\u00e1 leg\u00edtimo, lo que implica consecuencias potencialmente graves. Por ejemplo:<\/p>\n

- Un accionista que haya recibido un dividendo ileg\u00edtimo tendr\u00e1 que devolverlo (en su totalidad o en proporci\u00f3n a la cantidad considerada ileg\u00edtima) a la empresa, si \u00e9sta tiene conocimiento de ello, o si tiene razones irrefutables para creer que el dividendo infring\u00eda la legislaci\u00f3n aplicable. A\u00fan m\u00e1s, si el accionista es tambi\u00e9n administrador, ser\u00e1 especialmente dif\u00edcil eludir esta obligaci\u00f3n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

- Un administrador que haya autorizado el pago de un dividendo ileg\u00edtimo puede haber incumplido sus deberes como administrador. En este caso, puede ser considerado directamente responsable de la acci\u00f3n ilegal y tendr\u00e1 que reembolsar a la empresa, aunque no sea accionista.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

It is important to be aware that the payment of dividends has a strict legal framework. Whatever the size of the company, this framework applies. If the right process is not followed, the dividend will be unlawful and potentially serious consequences may arise. What is a dividend? A dividend is a way for a company […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-taxation"],"yoast_head":"\nDistributing dividends \u2013 how to do it in the right way - WellTax<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/well-tax.com\/es\/repartir-dividendos-como-hacerlo-correctamente\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Distributing dividends \u2013 how to do it in the right way - WellTax\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"It is important to be aware that the payment of dividends has a strict legal framework. 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